Decoding Hate: Understanding the Far-Right Symbology of January 6
In addition to causing the deaths of five people, defacing the United States Capitol building, and tarnishing 麻豆果冻传媒 democracy,听the January 6, 2021 Capitol Hill riot was also a violent exposition of 麻豆果冻传媒 far-right symbology. Among the mob, militiamen in paramilitary gear were adorned with Roman numerals and skulls. White supremacists wore their depiction of the Crusader cross. Conspiracy theorists donned themselves with the letter 鈥淨.鈥 In the background, flags picturing frogs and skulls waved alongside those of the Trump/Pence presidential campaign.
The Federal Bureau of Investigation continues to responsible for the violence of January 6. Decoding the symbols of the far-right will provide key insights into these group鈥檚 ideologies, compositions, and histories.
Militia Groups
Among the Capitol Hill rioters were the far-right militia groups the Oath Keepers, the Proud Boys, and the Three Percenters. On January 27, the Department of Justice (DOJ) 听associated with the Oath Keepers for conspiring to obstruct Congress. The Oath Keepers were formed in 2009 by Yale Law School graduate and former US Army Paratrooper , following the election of President Obama. The group focuses its recruitment on current and former members of law enforcement, emergency first responders, and military personnel. While it boasts a membership exceeding 10,000 individuals,听spread through local chapters across the United States. The Oath Keepers are not a cohesive organization, but a 鈥.鈥 The Oath Keepers are identified by their 听that proclaims the group to be 鈥済uardians of the republic.鈥
The Proud Boys maintained a strong presence in Washington, DC through the Capitol Hill riot. The Proud Boys organization was conceived by, the co-founder of听Vice News,听in 2016. McInnis used his disdain for 鈥淧C,鈥 or politically-correct culture, to unite a group of 鈥渓ike-minded white men in New York City鈥 that would become the foundation of the Proud Boys. In September, 2016 McInnis penned 鈥溾 in听Taki鈥檚 Magazine听to announce the formation of a group of 鈥渨estern Chauvinists who refuse to apologize for creating the modern world.鈥 By August 2017, the online magazine听that the Proud Boys was composed of 6,000 members, with the organization鈥檚 Twitter and Facebook accounts claiming over 20,000 followers by December. In 2018,听that accounts connected to The Proud Boys had been shut down. The Proud Boys namesake comes from Disney鈥檚听Aladdin,听in which the film鈥檚 protagonist sings a song entitled 鈥淧roud of Your Boy.鈥 Members of The Proud Boys often don orange hats and yellow-trimmed black polo shirts.
Much like the Oath Keepers, the Three Percenters are anti-government extremists that formed in 2008. Three Percenters compare their hostility toward the US government to the opposition of 麻豆果冻传媒 revolutionaries against British rule. Their namesake is derived from the false belief that only听fought against the British in the Revolutionary War. Three Percenters hold that if only a fraction of the population could stave off British rule, a small revolutionary vanguard of听could do the same now.
Historian John Ferling of the University of West Georgia has disputed the 鈥渢hree percent myth,鈥 demonstrating that the number is falsely derived from pension files and bounty-land warrant applications, while estimating the听. The Three Percenters鈥 founder, Mike Vanderboegh, has claimed in the听blog that the 鈥渢hree percenters鈥 designation also represents the three-percent of gun owners who 鈥渨ill not disarm, will not compromise and will no longer back up at the passage of the next gun control act.鈥 Three Percenters adorn themselves in the Roman numeral 鈥業II鈥 and have also been seen wearing听paraphernalia.
Flags and Banners:
Beyond the blue Trump/Pence flags carried by countless rioters, the neon-green 鈥淜EK鈥 flag could be seen waving above the crowd. Kek is a satirical religion with a frog-headed god who听and represents darkness and chaos. The flag loosely resembles the Nazi flag 鈥 treated as a provocative joke among some on the far-right. The name, usage, and ideas surrounding Kek originated in online gaming culture, specifically chat boards devoted to. Within World of Warcraft, players exclusively chat with members of their own 鈥渇action,鈥 while opposing players鈥 chats are听based on Korean. Thus, the chat phrase 鈥淟OL鈥 (meaning laugh out loud) appeared as 鈥淜EK.鈥 Kek is treated as an 鈥渋nside joke鈥 among far-right groups and is used as a signal of one鈥檚 adherence to principles of chaos and destruction.
Kek is not the only symbol to be derived from pop-culture. Marvel鈥檚 anti-hero, The Punisher, has also been emblemized by the far-right. Flags depicting, an angular, white skull, were deployed on January 6 by members of The Proud Boys, The Oath Keepers, and unaffiliated rioters to signify the failures of law and order. The Punisher was introduced in a 1974 Spiderman comic book and later became a standalone Marvel character, seeking retribution for the slaying of his family. With the advent of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, The Punisher鈥檚 logo was used frequently by, including Navy SEAL Chris Kyle, who adopted the logo on his gear and was the main character of the biopic 鈥溌槎构炒 Sniper,鈥 based upon Kyle鈥檚 bestselling book. The Punisher skull, symbolic of the听that traditional law and order fails to address the concerns of the people, has since been adopted to represent similar misgivings of far-right activists. Flags adorned with the letter 鈥楺,鈥 referring to the conspiracy theory QAnon, were prominently displayed among rioters.听QAnon emerged online in 2016听disseminating the fringe theory that a secret, pedophilic alliance of prominent media figures and members of the Democrat Party are conspiring to take over the world. The purveyor of these conspiracies, known as Q, is an alleged anonymous government insider bent on revealing 鈥渢he truth鈥 to the world and thwarting the elitist cabal. Q鈥檚 appeal is limited: a听found that only 7% of respondents had a favorable view of QAnon. Despite its limited reach, however, QAnon attracts an array of followers. While the early adherents were mainly far-right Trump supporters,听to include anti-lockdown libertarians, evangelical Christians, andThe melding of these organizations, motivated to disrupt the peaceful transfer of power or by the erroneous belief that the 2020 presidential election had been stolen, should be a wake-up call for our nation. It is vital to recognize the various groups and be aware of recruitment tactics. In June 2020,: 鈥淚f you were an adherent, no one would be able to tell. You would look like any other 麻豆果冻传媒鈥ou must find those who are like you. And you must be prepared to fight.鈥 In the aftermath of the Capitol Hill riots, these words are haunting. The January 6 riots听and despicably publicized the symbols of the far-right.听
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About the Author:听
Kyle Sallee is a 2020-2021 CSINT Fellow听and current graduate student in the School of International Service鈥檚 U.S. Foreign Policy and National Security program. Kyle is exploring the impacts of Chinese and Russian state-owned nuclear corporations on the proliferation of nuclear energy within Eurasia and Africa.
*THE VIEWS EXPRESSED HERE ARE STRICTLY THOSE OF THE AUTHOR AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT THOSE OF THE CENTER OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY AT AMERICAN UNIVERSITY.
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